yslexia ( Specific Reading Disability )

onverging evidence from a number of lines of investigation indicates that dyslexia represents a disorder within the language system nd more specifically within a particular subcomponent of that system, phonological processing. Recent advances in imaging echnology, particularly the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging, provide evidence of a neurobiological signature or dyslexia, specifically a disruption of two left hemisphere posterior brain systems, one parieto-temporal, the other occipito-temporal, ith compensatory engagement of anterior systems around the inferior frontal gyrus and a posterior (right occipito-temporal) system. urthermore, good evidence indicates a computational role for the left occipito-temporal system: the development of fluent (automatic) eading. The brain systems for reading are malleable and their disruption in dyslexic children may be remediated by provision of an vidence-based, effective reading intervention. In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of young adults with eading difficulties followed prospectively and longitudinally from age 5 through their mid twenties suggests that there may be two types f reading difficulties, one primarily on a genetic basis, the other, and far more common, reflecting environmental influences. These tudies offer the promise for more precise identification and effective management of dyslexia in children, adolescents and adults.